Need of Algorithm

CPU Utilization

CPU scheduling is a core function of an operating system that optimizes how processes use the CPU to enhance system performance. When multiple processes are running, the CPU scheduler selects which process should execute next, especially when another is waiting for resources like I/O. By alternating between processes in this way, the CPU remains busy, minimizing idle time and maximizing utilization.

Maximum Performance

To maximize CPU efficiency and minimize idle time, the CPU should ideally be active as much as possible, aiming for near-continuous operation. In real systems, however, CPU usage varies based on workload, typically ranging from 40% during light loads to around 90% under heavy loads. This ensures a balance between performance and resource availability, allowing the system to handle varying demands effectively.

Time Minimization

Various CPU scheduling algorithms are designed to optimize different performance metrics, such as minimizing waiting time, response time, and turnaround time. For example, turnaround time is reduced when processes complete their CPU bursts within a single time quantum, as in Round Robin scheduling. Each algorithm addresses specific needs, allowing systems to handle diverse workloads more efficiently by selecting the best-fit scheduling method.